Higher education in the UK is provided by three types of institutions: universities, colleges, and institutions of higher education. All universities are autonomous institutions and they determine their own admission policy and requirements. University education in Britain comprises two phases: the undergraduate programme and the postgraduate programme.
With very few exceptions, undergraduate programmes in the UK are honours programmes at the bachelor's level. The duration of undergraduate programmes is mostly three years, but there are also four-year undergraduate programmes such as sandwich programmes with an extra year for students to obtain work experience through a work placement. The study load is 120 credits per year, which equates to 360 credits for three years of study. Assessment is based on presentations and essays.
The three main types of postgraduate programmes in the UK are Masters by Instruction (based on attending a curriculum), Master by Research (based on research and a thesis), and Doctoral programmes. The duration of postgraduate programmes is mostly one year for ordinary Masters and two years for the Master of Philosophy. The study load is 180 credits for 12 months of study, and after completing 120 credits, a student can exit with a Postgraduate Diploma (PGDip).
British universities use a classification system to indicate a student's actual performance, with classes based on the average results achieved: First Class (70% and above), Upper Second Class (60-70%), Lower Second Class (50-60%), and Third Class (40-50%).